Old Sangam Age Malayaman Chera Chola Pandiya Coin

The Sangam period began in the 3rd century BC. We did not recognize these coins until the 19th century. Sir Walter Eliot published the book of South Indian Coins in 1886. We can get information about coins of the Sangam age coins through this book. After him R.Krishnamurthy found the writings of Perumavauthi on coins. He was the editor of Dinamalar newspaper. In this way he identified many coins. Arumugam Sitharaman from Thanjavur also found many coins.

Chera, Chola Pandya and Malayaman coins are implementing their symbols in their coins. They are in the shapes of square, rectangle and circle. These coins are in the metals of copper, silver and lead.  Its weight is about 0.500grams – 12.5grams.

Malayaman Coin

Obverse: Horse standing above symbol

Malayaman Coin Horse standing above symbol

Reverse: 3 Hill Road Map

Malayaman Sangam Age Coin 3 hill road map Or River

Malayaman Coin
Obv. Horse standing above symbol
Rev. 3 hill road map Or River
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Sangam Pandiya Coin

Today's Madurai, Ramanathapuram, Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari belonged to the Pandya Empire. Madurai is their capital. Mudathiree Maran, Arivudainambi, Nanmaran, Perum Valuthi, Nedunjezhiyan, Maran are the famous emperors of these kingdoms. Some of their references can be found in historical texts. Copper and lead coins are engraved. Copper is mostly used by people. They are rectangular and square in shape. One side is engraved with an elephant, a striped fish symbol or a double fish symbol. In tanks, we can see the symbol of four turtles, elephant, ox, fish, tree, sulam, trisulam etc. on the right or left sides of the coins. All coins have a fish symbol. Their period was around 3BC – 300 BC.

Recently, excavations at Ramanathapuram Alaghan Pond have yielded a large number of Sangam-era Pandyan coins. These coins also have auspicious symbols.

All the coins found were in circulation from the third century BC to the first century AD. Pandyar coins are found in places like Madurai, Tirunelveli, Karur, Thanjavur, Kumbakonam, Korkhai. Only one coin inscribed with the king's name 'Peruvavluthi' has been found.  The Round shape coins of the Pandyas are not found.

Obverse: Elephant standing left

Pandiya Coin Elephant standing left

Reverse: Fish

Pandiya Coin Fish

Elephant standing left
Fish

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Obverse: Tree on the pot and Elephant standing left

Pandiya Coin Elephant standing left

Reverse: Fish Symbol

Pandiya Coin Fish

Elephant above pot on tree
(Rare Coin)

Fish symbol

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Chera Coin

Chera Empire references Kerala and Kongu regions. Karur is their capital. Their coins date from 3rd BC to 2nd BC. Chera coins were in copper metal. These coins are found in square and long square shape. Some of them were in silver and lead. We can see symbols of elephant, bull, horse, lion etc. and some traditional symbols. Tanks, Moon, Parasu, Katari, Jack tree, Wheel etc. are some other symbols present in their currency. Bow, arrow and ankusam are also near these symbols. Erumporai, Kolerumparai Kuttuvangotai, Magotai etc. are important coins. They are scripted in Tamil script. Cherar period histories and information can be obtained through these coins.

However, as some of the inscriptions on this castle are indistinct, it is not possible to say with certainty which Chera king issued it. Kollirumporai coins issued by Irumporai kings have been found in Karur. These coins may have been issued by an Irumporai king.

Makothai coin

One of the finds from the Amaravati river basin is found with the name and image of "Cheraman Makkotai". This is one of the most remarkable inventions in the history of Tamil Nadu coins. Until this coin was found, no silver coins engraved with names or portraits of Sangam kings were found.

On the front of the Kashi, there are ancient Tamil inscriptions and a bust of the king facing right in the center below. The back of the case is devoid of any symbol. Above the king's head is written "Makottai".

Since the cross line in the letter "ம" is restored slightly to the right and the letter "த" is bent, the date of this letter can be assumed to be late 1st century AD.

Names like Cheraman Kotambalathu Tunjiya Makkotai (par. 52), Cheraman Kokkottai Marban (par. 63), Cheraman Kuttuvan Kotai are mentioned in the Sangha literature. This silver coin may have been issued by one of the above kings.

Two types of coins issued by the Irumporai kings have been found so far. They are.

Kollipora coins - The obverse has a standing figure of a king inside a thorana gate. In the margin, "Kollipurai" is written in ancient Tamil characters. Behind it, there is a bow and arrow. The shape of the mountain is shown as curves. The image inside a square is faded and blurred.

This coin is believed to have been issued by "Koli Porayan". At the back of this coin is a "bow".

Kollirumporai coin - This is similar to the coin with the name "Kollipurai" engraved on it. But in the end another coin with the name Kollipurayan was found with the "அன்" fraction. The design of this coin is round and bold and bears some symbols on its body. On the obverse side of the kasin is a full-length figure of a king with majestic appearance and a weapon of war in his right hand in the center of the thorana gate. To the king's left is a tall open tree and to the right three fish are seen swimming one after the other towards the carved tree below the king's feet.

Reverse: Sitting Tiger

Chera Coin Sitting Tiger

Obverse: Angusam Bow and Arrow

Chera Coin Angusam Bow and Arrow

Sangam chera
Sitting Tiger
Angusam bow and arrow

Rare Coin

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Obverse: Standing elephant front bull above symbol

Chera Coin Standing elephant front bull above symbol

Reverse: Bow and arrow

Bow and arrow

Standing elephant front sulam above symbol

Bow and Arrow

Rare Coin

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Sangam Chola Coin

Coins of the Sangam Chola period have images of elephant, tiger, trees, umbrella, vel, symbols etc. Chola Kings of the Sangam Period We can find here the famous kings of the Cholas who had their capital at Kaveri Poompattinam (Poombukar). They are Karikalvalavan, Nalangilli, Nedungilli, perunarkilli. These coins are available in square, long square and circular shapes.

The Chola kings of Sangam period issued coins in metals like copper and lead. All the coins found were coins that were in circulation from the third century BC to the third century AD. They are available in places like Trichy, Karur, Thanjavur, Kumbakonam, Thirukovilur, Madurai, Ariyalur, Tarangambadi etc. Chola coins inscribed with letters are not found till now. As inscriptions are found on Cherar and Pandyar coins. It is considered that there is a high possibility of the writing being available in the coming times. Chola coins have symbols like elephant on the front, chariot with harnessed horses, elephant and horse, bare tree, animal and tree, umbrella, weapon and the tiger symbol on the reverse. The tiger is seen in a posture with its right leg raised, mouth agape, head erect and tip bent. A few coins also feature the Katiravan symbol with a tiger.

Obverse: Standing elephant above symbol

Sangam Chola Coin Standing elephant above symbol

Reverse: Tiger

Sangam Chola Coin Tiger

Standing elephant above symbol

Tiger

Rare Coin

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