Ultimate Guide to Australian $1 Banknotes: History, Mintage, Price & Collector Value

The Australian $1 banknote is one of the most recognisable pieces of the country’s decimal currency history. First introduced on 14 February 1966, the note arrived when Australia replaced pounds, shillings and pence with dollars and cents. Although the paper $1 note disappeared from everyday circulation after the introduction of the $1 coin in 1984, surviving examples remain extremely popular with banknote collectors.

At first glance, many old Australian one-dollar notes appear similar. However, their collector value can differ dramatically. Signature combinations, serial-number prefixes, star replacement notes, printing variations, security-thread positions, errors and overall condition can turn an ordinary note into a significantly more desirable collectible.

Some heavily circulated examples may be worth only a few dollars above face value, while scarce varieties in exceptional condition can sell for hundreds or even thousands of Australian dollars.

This guide explains the history of the Australian $1 banknote, major issues, approximate printing quantities or mintage, collector prices, star notes, rare serial numbers and the features that can help identify a potentially valuable note.

History of the Australian $1 Banknote

Australia officially changed to decimal currency on 14 February 1966, commonly remembered as Decimal Currency Day or C-Day.

The first decimal banknotes released included denominations of $1, $2, $10 and $20. A $5 note followed in 1967.

The new $1 banknote effectively replaced the old ten-shilling note because ten shillings converted to one Australian dollar.

The $1 note was designed by Gordon Andrews and measured approximately 140 mm × 70 mm. It was printed on paper rather than the polymer material associated with later Australian currency.

The front featured a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II together with the Australian Coat of Arms. The reverse incorporated imagery based on Aboriginal artworks, including work associated with Indigenous artist David Malangi.

Important security elements included a Captain James Cook watermark, detailed printing and a metallic security thread.

Because the $1 denomination was used constantly in everyday transactions, the paper notes experienced substantial wear. Coins were more durable and economical for such a frequently used denomination.

Australia therefore introduced the $1 coin on 14 May 1984, bringing the regular issue of the $1 banknote to an end.

Australian $1 Banknote Specifications

Denomination: One Australian Dollar

First issued: 14 February 1966

Final period of issue: 1984

Replacement: Australian $1 coin

Size: Approximately 140 mm × 70 mm

Material: Paper

Designer: Gordon Andrews

Obverse: Queen Elizabeth II and Australian Coat of Arms

Reverse: Indigenous Australian-inspired artwork

Watermark: Captain James Cook

Security features: Watermark, security thread, detailed intaglio printing and complex background patterns

Complete Australian $1 Banknote Issues and Mintage

For banknotes, “printing quantity” is technically more appropriate than coin-style mintage. However, collectors frequently use the term mintage when discussing the number of notes produced.

The major standard $1 issues are shown below.

The year used by collectors does not necessarily represent every calendar year in which an individual note was physically printed or circulated. Australian paper banknotes are normally classified according to recognised signature-series dates.

1966 Coombs/Wilson $1 Banknote

The 1966 Coombs/Wilson note was Australia's first decimal one-dollar banknote.

Approximately 130.21 million standard notes were printed.

Because large quantities were produced for the decimal currency conversion, ordinary circulated examples are not automatically rare. Nevertheless, attractive uncirculated examples, special prefixes and star replacement notes command considerably stronger prices.

Typical approximate values:

Circulated: A$2–A$20

Extremely Fine: A$20–A$45

Uncirculated: A$50–A$100+

Premium prefixes and star notes can be substantially more valuable.

The first prefix is particularly important to specialists, while surviving star notes form a separate collecting category.

1968 Coombs/Randall $1 Banknote

The Coombs/Randall issue is one of the key standard Australian decimal $1 notes.

Its printing quantity was only around 38 million regular notes, substantially below many other $1 signature combinations.

Because of this relatively limited production and strong collector demand, high-grade examples can command substantial premiums.

Approximate values:

Fine to Very Fine: A$50–A$175+

Extremely Fine: A$150–A$350+

Uncirculated: A$500–A$800 or more

Rare prefixes and premium-quality certified examples may sell for considerably higher figures.

The 1968 Coombs/Randall star replacement issue is especially important and is among the most desirable decimal Australian $1 banknotes.

1969 Phillips/Randall $1 Banknote

Phillips/Randall $1 notes were produced in much larger numbers, with approximately 299.1 million standard notes printed.

Consequently, ordinary examples are easier to find than Coombs/Randall notes.

Approximate values:

Circulated: A$2–A$15

Extremely Fine: A$15–A$40

Uncirculated: approximately A$40–A$80+

The star replacement variety is a different matter. Far fewer replacement notes were produced, and high-grade examples can be worth hundreds or thousands of dollars.

1972 Phillips/Wheeler Commonwealth of Australia $1 Note

The 1972 Phillips/Wheeler issue is historically important because it represents the final $1 variety carrying the wording “COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA.”

Approximately 190.77 million were produced.

Collectors often seek this issue as a distinct type because later notes changed the issuer wording simply to “AUSTRALIA.”

Approximate values:

Circulated: A$2–A$15

Extremely Fine: A$15–A$35

Uncirculated: A$40–A$80+

Special serial numbers and premium prefixes can command higher prices.

1974 Phillips/Wheeler Australia $1 Note

During 1974, the wording on Australian banknotes changed from “COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA” to “AUSTRALIA.”

The signatures remained Phillips/Wheeler, creating an easy-to-recognise major type distinction for collectors.

Approximately 210.23 million of these notes were produced.

Approximate values:

Circulated: A$2–A$10

Extremely Fine: A$10–A$25

Uncirculated: A$30–A$60+

Condition is particularly important because ordinary circulated examples remain reasonably obtainable.

1976 Knight/Wheeler $1 Banknote

The 1976 Knight/Wheeler series is one of the most interesting areas for Australian $1 collectors because several recognised varieties exist.

Collectors examine security-thread position, serial-number style, paper characteristics and special experimental printings.

Major varieties include centre-thread notes, side-thread notes and the well-known DBP test-note varieties.

Total production across the broader Knight/Wheeler issue was approximately 315 million notes, but individual varieties were produced in very different quantities.

Standard circulated examples may be worth only a modest premium, while scarce varieties can sell for substantially more.

Approximate standard values:

Circulated: A$2–A$10

Extremely Fine: A$10–A$25

Uncirculated: A$15–A$50+

DBP test-note varieties can reach roughly A$100–A$300 or considerably more depending on condition and exact variety.

This is an issue where identification is far more important than simply checking the year.

1979 Knight/Stone $1 Banknote

The Knight/Stone $1 note had a large printing quantity of approximately 350 million.

Standard examples are therefore among the more affordable Australian paper $1 notes.

Approximate values:

Circulated: A$1–A$5

Extremely Fine: A$4–A$10

Uncirculated: A$7–A$25

However, first prefixes, last prefixes, unusual serial numbers and consecutive runs can be much more desirable.

A perfectly preserved note with a key prefix should never be valued simply by comparing it with an ordinary Knight/Stone example.

1982 Johnston/Stone $1 Banknote

Johnston/Stone represented the final signature combination used on Australia's circulating paper $1 banknotes.

Approximately 140 million notes were produced, with circulation continuing until the $1 coin replaced the note in 1984.

Ordinary examples remain readily available.

Approximate values:

Circulated: A$1–A$4

Extremely Fine: A$3–A$8

Uncirculated: A$5–A$15

First-prefix and last-prefix notes can sell for much more, particularly in uncirculated condition.

Because this was the final $1 paper series, collectors also value it for its historical significance.

Australian $1 Star Replacement Notes

Star notes are among the most valuable Australian $1 banknotes.

During banknote production, defective sheets sometimes had to be removed. Replacement notes were inserted so that bundles maintained the required quantity. These replacements were identified by a star symbol in the serial number.

Only early Australian decimal $1 series used this system.

Important varieties include:

1966 Coombs/Wilson star note – approximately 535,000 produced

1968 Coombs/Randall star note – approximately 172,000 produced

1969 Phillips/Randall star note – approximately 683,000 produced

These production figures are tiny compared with hundreds of millions of ordinary notes.

As a result, genuine star notes can be worth hundreds or thousands of dollars. Exceptional uncirculated examples of the scarcer combinations may achieve several thousand dollars.

Never assume that an old $1 note is ordinary before checking its serial number for a star.

Rare Serial Numbers That Can Increase Value

Serial numbers can dramatically affect collector demand even when the underlying note is common.

Collectors may pay premiums for low serial numbers such as 000001 or similarly early numbers.

Other popular patterns include radar or palindrome numbers that read the same forwards and backwards, repeated-number patterns, solid numbers dominated by one digit, ladder sequences and memorable combinations.

First-prefix and last-prefix serials are particularly significant in Australian banknote collecting because they mark the beginning or end of a recognised production series.

Consecutive groups can also command premiums, especially when several notes remain uncirculated and retain sequential serial numbers.

Australian $1 Banknote Errors

True printing errors are much scarcer than normal production variations.

Collectible errors may include missing printing, major ink omissions, offset printing, paper folds created during production, significant cutting errors, misalignment and unusual security-thread placement resulting from production problems.

Collectors should distinguish genuine manufacturing errors from damage that occurred after circulation.

A torn note, handwritten mark, stain, faded section, household cut or crease is generally damage rather than a valuable printing error.

Authentication becomes particularly important when an apparent error carries a large premium.

How Condition Affects Australian $1 Note Value

Condition is one of the strongest factors determining banknote price.

A heavily circulated note may have multiple folds, stains, rounded corners, tears and softness. Even a relatively scarce issue can lose substantial value if badly damaged.

Very Fine notes normally show clear circulation but remain reasonably attractive.

Extremely Fine examples have limited handling and only minor evidence of circulation.

About Uncirculated notes appear nearly new but may display a small fold or handling mark.

Uncirculated notes should retain crisp paper, sharp corners, strong original colour and no normal circulation folds.

Two identical banknotes can therefore have dramatically different prices simply because one is heavily worn and the other remains pristine.

Never wash, iron, press, laminate or chemically clean an old banknote. Attempts to improve its appearance can permanently reduce collector value.

How to Check Whether Your Australian $1 Note Is Valuable

Begin with the two signatures printed on the front. These usually provide the quickest way of identifying the collector issue.

Next, examine the serial-number prefix and complete serial number. Look for a star symbol, first or last prefix, unusually low number or distinctive numerical pattern.

Check whether the wording says “COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA” or simply “AUSTRALIA.”

For Knight/Wheeler issues, inspect the position of the security thread and investigate whether the note belongs to one of the recognised test or paper varieties.

Finally, assess the condition carefully.

A common note with an exceptional serial number may be worth more than a scarcer issue with serious damage.

Are Australian $1 Banknotes Still Worth Collecting?

Yes. Australian paper $1 notes provide an accessible introduction to decimal banknote collecting because ordinary examples can still be purchased inexpensively, while advanced collectors can pursue scarce prefixes, star replacements, printing errors, test notes and premium grades.

The series also tells an important story about Australian currency. It begins with the historic decimal conversion of 1966, follows changes in Reserve Bank and Treasury signatories, reflects changes in national wording and banknote-production technology, and ends with the move from a paper $1 note to a durable $1 coin in 1984.

For collectors, the most important lesson is simple: never value an Australian $1 banknote by denomination alone.

Check the signatures, serial number, prefix, star symbol, thread position, printing variety and condition before deciding what it may be worth.

An ordinary circulated note may have only a modest collector premium, but the right combination of rarity, condition and serial-number characteristics can transform a seemingly simple Australian one-dollar note into a highly desirable piece of numismatic history.

Collector prices are not fixed. Auction results, dealer inventory, rarity, grading standards and market demand can cause values to change significantly. For particularly rare star notes, errors, first or last prefixes and high-grade examples, professional authentication or specialist assessment can be worthwhile before selling.

List of Australian $1 Banknotes (2026 Updated)

Australian $1 banknotes are among the most popular and widely collected pieces of Australian paper money. First introduced in 1966 as part of Australia's decimal currency conversion, the $1 note circulated until 1984 when it was replaced by the one-dollar coin. Featuring Queen Elizabeth II on the front and Aboriginal artwork on the reverse, these notes represent an important chapter in Australia's monetary history. Collectors actively seek early issues, replacement notes, rare signature combinations, low serial numbers, and pristine uncirculated examples. While common circulated notes remain affordable, scarce varieties and premium-condition specimens can be worth hundreds or even thousands of dollars. This 2026 updated value guide provides a detailed year-wise price list for Australian $1 banknotes.

Australian $1 Banknotes Value List (2026)

Australian $1 Note Signature Varieties Value Guide

Australian $1 Replacement Note Values

Most Valuable Australian $1 Banknotes

Australian $1 Note Collection Values

Australian $1 banknotes continue to be a cornerstone of Australian paper money collecting. First-year issues from 1966, scarce replacement notes, rare signature combinations, and the final 1984 issue remain particularly desirable among collectors. In the 2026 market, high-grade uncirculated notes and rare serial-number varieties command the strongest premiums, making Australian $1 banknotes one of the most sought-after categories in Australian numismatics.

🕰️ Brief History of the Australian $1 Note

• Introduced: February 14, 1966 (as part of decimalisation)

• Withdrawn: 1984 (replaced by $1 coin)

• Printed by: Note Printing Australia

• Size: 140 mm x 70 mm

• Material: Paper (not polymer)

• Front Design: Queen Elizabeth II

• Back Design: Aboriginal art by David Malangi

📋 Complete List of $1 Notes – By Year, Signatures & General Value (2025 Update)

💡 Note: Values depend on condition, serial number, prefix, star markings, and rarity.

🌟 Rare & Valuable $1 Notes – What to Look For

🔹 Star Notes

• Identified with a ‘*’ replacing the last digit in serial numbers.

• Issued in: 1966–1972

• Current Value: ₹5,000 – ₹25,000+

• Highly sought-after due to limited issuance (used to replace damaged notes).

🔹 First & Last Prefix Notes

• First Prefix: Indicates the first batch printed (e.g., AAA).

• Last Prefix: Final series before discontinuation.

• Can significantly increase the note’s value.

🔹 Misprinted or Error Notes

• Off-center printing, missing ink, duplicate serials.

• These are rare and can fetch ₹10,000+ depending on uniqueness.

🔹 Solid and Repeater Serial Numbers

• e.g., 111111, 121212, 999999

• Very collectible — can sell for 5x to 20x face value.

💸 Current Market Price of $1 Notes in 2025

💡 Tip: Check online auction sites and numismatic dealers for up-to-date prices.

🧠 Expert Tips for Collectors

1. Preserve in plastic sleeves – Avoid folding or handling.

2. Verify with UV light – Helps detect counterfeit or altered notes.

3. Keep documentation – Certificates of authenticity or appraisals increase value.

4. Buy from reputable dealers – Avoid scams or reproductions.

📚 Where to Sell or Buy $1 Notes in Australia

• eBay Australia

• Downies Collectables

• Australian Coin Collecting Blog

• Facebook Collector Groups

• Local coin shows & numismatic auctions

📈 Are $1 Notes a Good Investment in 2025?

Yes, especially uncirculated, rare prefix, and star notes. As collector interest grows and availability declines, these notes often increase in value over time. For example:

• A 1966 Coombs/Wilson star note that was ₹5000 in 2010 may now sell for ₹15,000+.

List of FAQ about Australian $1 Banknotes

The Australian $1 banknote holds a special place in the nation’s monetary history. First introduced in 1966, it marked the transition from the pre-decimal pound system to the decimal dollar currency. Although the $1 note has since been replaced by a coin, it remains a prized collectible among numismatists and history enthusiasts. Below is a comprehensive list of frequently asked questions (FAQs) about Australian $1 banknotes — their design, history, rarity, and collector value — along with in-depth answers to help you understand their significance.

1. When was the Australian $1 banknote first introduced?

The Australian $1 banknote was first issued on 14 February 1966, the day Australia switched to decimal currency. It replaced the 10-shilling note that was part of the old pound system. This change marked the beginning of modern Australian money, simplifying transactions and aligning the currency with international standards.

2. Who designed the Australian $1 banknote?

The $1 banknote was designed by Gordon Andrews, one of Australia’s most celebrated designers. The note’s intricate patterns, vivid colors, and historical portraits reflected the nation’s identity. Andrews’ design focused on showcasing Australia’s cultural heritage while incorporating advanced anti-counterfeit features for its time.

3. What does the design of the Australian $1 banknote feature?

The front side of the note features a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, symbolizing Australia’s connection to the Commonwealth. The reverse side depicts Aboriginal art motifs inspired by bark paintings from Arnhem Land, highlighting the deep-rooted Indigenous culture. This blend of modernity and heritage made the note a true symbol of Australia’s diversity.

4. What colors were used in the $1 note design?

The note was primarily brown and gold in color, chosen for their rich, earthy tones that represented the Australian landscape. These colors also helped differentiate it from other denominations at the time, ensuring clarity and ease of use in commerce.

5. When was the Australian $1 banknote discontinued?

The $1 note was officially withdrawn from circulation in 1984. It was replaced by the $1 coin, which was more durable and cost-effective to produce. Coins last much longer in circulation than paper notes, making the change a practical economic decision.

6. Why was the $1 banknote replaced by a coin?

The decision to replace the $1 banknote with a coin was based on durability and cost-efficiency. Banknotes tend to wear out quickly, especially low denominations that circulate frequently. A coin could last for decades, significantly reducing printing costs for the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA).

7. How can you identify a genuine Australian $1 banknote?

Authentic $1 banknotes include several security features, such as fine line printing, unique paper texture, and specific color shades. The portrait of Queen Elizabeth II should be sharp and detailed, while the Aboriginal art on the reverse should appear intricate and precise. Counterfeits often lack this definition.

8. Are Australian $1 banknotes still legal tender?

While they are no longer in circulation, $1 notes remain legal tender in Australia. However, they are rarely used in daily transactions. Most banks and collectors treat them as valuable numismatic items rather than spendable money.

9. What is the value of an Australian $1 banknote today?

The collector value of a $1 note depends on its condition, year of printing, serial number, and rarity. A circulated note may fetch only a few dollars, but an uncirculated or first-year (1966) note can be worth $20 to $100 or more, especially if it has a rare serial number or printing error.

10. What are star notes and why are they special?

“Star notes” are replacement notes issued when a defective one was removed during printing. These notes feature a small star (*) in their serial number. Because fewer were printed, star notes are highly collectible and can be worth several times the value of a standard note.

11. What are the serial number prefixes on $1 banknotes?

Each Australian $1 note carries a two-letter prefix followed by a series of digits. These prefixes help identify the printing batch, year, and issuing authority. Collectors often seek certain prefixes—especially early or rare combinations—for their uniqueness and historical significance.

12. Were any commemorative $1 notes issued?

No official commemorative $1 notes were ever released. However, some private mints and souvenir companies issued collectible reproductions or framed sets celebrating the 1966 decimal currency changeover. These are not legal tender but are popular among collectors.

13. How can you store and preserve old $1 banknotes?

Preserving old notes requires careful handling. Experts recommend:

• Using acid-free sleeves or currency holders.

• Avoiding exposure to direct sunlight or humidity.

• Storing them flat in a cool, dry environment.

• Handling with cotton gloves to prevent oils from damaging the surface.
  Proper storage can significantly maintain or increase the note’s collectible value.

14. Which signatures appear on Australian $1 banknotes?

Different Governor and Secretary to the Treasury signatures appear on various $1 note issues. Some combinations—like Coombs/Wilson or Phillips/Randall—are more sought after by collectors. Each signature pair corresponds to a particular issue year and can affect the note’s rarity.

15. What paper material was used for the $1 note?

The note was printed on a special cotton-based paper manufactured for durability and texture. This material gave the note its distinctive feel and helped it resist wear, though not as effectively as modern polymer notes.

16. Are there any error $1 notes known to exist?

Yes, error notes—such as misprints, off-center printing, or missing serial numbers—are rare and extremely valuable. These production mistakes are highly sought after by serious collectors, sometimes fetching hundreds of dollars at auctions.

17. Can I exchange an old $1 note at a bank today?

You can technically deposit or exchange an old $1 note at a bank since it’s still legal tender. However, it’s usually better to sell it to a collector or auction house, where you may receive far more than its face value depending on its rarity.

18. What replaced the $1 note in circulation?

The $1 note was replaced by the $1 coin, featuring an image of five kangaroos on the reverse, designed by Stuart Devlin. The coin remains in circulation today and is one of the most recognizable symbols of Australian currency.

19. How can I find out if my $1 note is valuable?

To determine your note’s worth, you should:

1. Check its year, prefix, and serial number.

2. Assess its condition (uncirculated, crisp, or worn).

3. Compare with catalog listings or auction results.

4. Consult a currency dealer or numismatic expert for valuation.
   Specialized catalogues like the Renniks Australian Coin and Banknote Guide provide detailed pricing information.

20. What role did the Reserve Bank of Australia play in issuing $1 notes?

The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) was responsible for designing, printing, and distributing the $1 banknotes. It ensured quality control, anti-counterfeit measures, and timely withdrawal once coins were introduced. The RBA’s archives preserve detailed records of these early decimal notes.

21. Are polymer $1 notes available in Australia?

No official polymer $1 notes were ever issued. Australia transitioned to polymer notes in 1988, but by then, the $1 denomination had already been replaced with coins. However, some collector prototypes and concept polymer notes exist as part of experimental series, though they were never circulated.

22. How many $1 notes were printed in total?

Between 1966 and 1984, hundreds of millions of $1 banknotes were printed. However, most were destroyed or withdrawn when coins replaced them. Surviving notes in mint condition are relatively rare, making them appealing to collectors today.

23. Are there differences between consecutive series of $1 notes?

Yes. Each series featured minor differences in signature combinations, printing dates, and serial number prefixes. Some later series also had subtle changes in paper quality and ink color, depending on the printing technology used.

24. Why are early issue $1 notes more valuable?

Early issue $1 notes, especially those from 1966, are valued for their historical significance as part of the first decimal currency set. Collectors prize them as symbols of Australia’s economic modernization. Uncirculated examples from that year can command premium prices.

25. Where can collectors buy or sell Australian $1 banknotes?

Collectors can buy or sell $1 banknotes through:

• Online marketplaces (eBay, Coinworks, Downies)

• Numismatic fairs and exhibitions

• Currency dealers or auction houses

• Collector forums and local clubs
  Always verify authenticity and condition before purchasing.

26. Do Australian $1 notes have historical or cultural value?

Absolutely. Beyond monetary value, these notes are cultural artifacts reflecting Australia’s post-colonial identity, Indigenous heritage, and the early years of decimalization. They serve as both art and history, treasured by collectors and historians alike.

27. How are Australian $1 notes graded by collectors?

Notes are graded on a scale from Poor to Uncirculated (UNC). The higher the grade, the greater the value. Key grades include:

• UNC (Uncirculated) – crisp, never used

• EF (Extremely Fine) – minor folds, sharp corners

• VF (Very Fine) – lightly used

• F (Fine) – noticeable wear but intact
  Professional grading services can authenticate and grade notes for accurate valuation.

28. Are $1 banknotes from the 1970s worth more?

Some $1 notes from the 1970s with rare signature combinations or printing variations can be more valuable than others. Collectors often seek 1972 and 1974 issues, especially those in pristine condition or with unique serial numbers.

29. Can damaged $1 notes still have collector value?

Yes, even damaged or partially worn notes may retain value if they are rare issues or error prints. However, condition plays a major role, and severely damaged notes typically sell for less than uncirculated ones.

30. What makes Australian $1 notes appealing to collectors today?

Their historical significance, beautiful design, and limited availability make Australian $1 banknotes a cornerstone of any collection. They tell the story of Australia’s transformation from the pound system to the modern dollar era, capturing the essence of national pride and cultural diversity.

31. Are Australian $1 notes still legal tender?

No, they were withdrawn in 1984, but are exchangeable at face value at the Reserve Bank of Australia.

32. What is the rarest $1 Australian note?

Star notes and low serial-numbered Coombs/Randall 1967 notes are among the rarest.

33. How do I find the value of my $1 note?

Check the serial number, prefix, year, and condition. Use coin catalogues or consult a dealer.

Conclusion

The Australian $1 banknote may no longer circulate, but its legacy endures. It symbolizes a major milestone in Australia’s financial history — the move to decimal currency — and celebrates both the monarchy and Indigenous heritage through its design. Whether you’re a seasoned collector or a curious historian, understanding these notes adds depth to your appreciation of Australian culture and its evolving monetary journey.

The Australian $1 banknote is not just a piece of history—it’s a collectible asset with the potential for significant value, especially in the right condition and with the right features. Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned collector, understanding the history, pricing trends, and market demand will help you make informed decisions.

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